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Health Determinants
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Year
Health Determinants
People & Groups
Broader Issues
Map of North America showing human migration routes
10000 BCE

Beginning of Migration

Built Environment
Social
Native American
Engraving showing a Native American medicine man caring for an ill Native American. National Library of Medicine.
1500

Spread of Disease by European Settlers

Built Environment
Social
Native American
Southern New England tribes around year 1600
1600

Displacement of Native Communities in Metrowest

Built Environment
Food Access
Social
Native American
Colonial Trade Routes and Goods
1638

Enslavement Starts in Massachusetts

Economic
Built Environment
Education
Food Access
Health Care Systems
Social
Black
Seal of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
1641

Massachusetts Is First Colony to Legalize Slavery

Economic
Built Environment
Education
Food Access
Health Care Systems
Social
Black
Hassanamesit: The 3rd Praying Town
1651

Natick is Founded as the 1st Praying Town

Built Environment
Social
Native American
Map of New England printed by John Seller John in 1675 CE
1675

Praying Indians Banished to Deer Island in Boston

Economic
Built Environment
Food Access
Social
Native American
Smallpox burial ground in Nobscot Scout Reservation
1706

Onesimus: Public Health Pioneer Against Smallpox

Health Care Systems
Black
Susan Anne Ridley Sedgwick
1781

Two Court Cases Push For Abolition

Economic
Built Environment
Education
Food Access
Health Care Systems
Social
Black
1845

Black Families Advocacy Pushes MA for Universal Access to Public Education

Education
Social
Black
New England Female Medical College
1848

The First Female Medical College Established

Education
Women
World's Largest Irish Flag, located in Boston, MA
1850

Irish Community Begins Settling in Framingham

Social
Irish
156 Franklin Street: there is a small marker with a plaque, placed there by the Framingham Historical Society
1854

Abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison Burns US Constitution at Framingham Rally

Built Environment
Health Care Systems
Social
Black
Women
Massachusetts State House interior, Senate Chambers
1861

MA General Law Chapter 115 Establishes Department of Veteran's Services

Economic
Food Access
Health Care Systems
Veterans
New England Female Medical College
1864

Dr. Rebecca Lee Crumpler Becomes the first Black Woman MD

Agriculture; a text for the school and the farm (1921)
1881

Hygiene Village: Star of a Scientific Food Movement?

Built Environment
Food Access
Artist Rendering of the Hospital Institution as seen in 1886.
1886

Westborough State Hospital Opens for Patients with Mental Illnesses

Built Environment
Health Care Systems
Low Income
Uninsured
Veterans
Boston Irish Famine Memorial
1900

Irish community Continues Integrating into American Culture

Economic
Built Environment
Food Access
Social
Irish
Solomon Carter Fuller circa 1910
1905

Dr. Solomon Carter Fuller Returns to Work at Westborough State Hospital

Health Care Systems
Black
A mother comforts her child in 1908
1906

Mother's Rest Association purchases property in Needham

Food Access
Built Environment
Women
A graduating class of nurses from Plymouth Hospital and Nurses Training School, from a report printed in 1914. Boston, MA. (Courtesy Lisa Gordon)
1908

Plymouth Hospital Opens as First and Only Black Hospital in MA

Black
Women
Photo Outside Columbus Club
1908

Columbus Club Established for Italian community in Framingham

Built Environment
Social
Italian
Ultrastructural details seen in the cell wall configuration of a number of Gram-positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria
1916

Tuberculosis Demonstration in Framingham (1st CBPR Study in the World)

Built Environment
Education
Health Care Systems
Image of Framingham Children's Health Pandemic
1918

1918-1920 Flu Pandemic Impacts Framingham

Health Care Systems
Admission ticket to the Massachusetts House of Representatives on June 25, 1919, the day the state officially ratified the 19th Amendment.
1919

19th Amendment: Women in Massachusetts earn Full Voting Privileges

Built Environment
Social
Women
Front page of the Worcester Telegram, October 19, 1924
1924

Largest New England KKK Gathering Ends in Violent Riot

Economic
Health Care Systems
Social
Black
Irish
Italian
Image of Waverly Market in Framingham
1929

Waverly Market is established as a cultural staple for the Italian community in Framingham.

Economic
Food Access
Social
Italian
Cornelius Garland, M.D.; Founder of Plymouth Hospital
1929

Black Medical Professionals Are Finally Allowed to Work at Boston City Hospital

Built Environment
Health Care Systems
Black
Presentation titled "The Ammo Dump: A Taking of Heritage" for the Sudbury Historical Society on March 7, 2024.
1942

Eminent Domain Displacement of 80 Families in MetroWest

Built Environment
Social
Low Income
Older Adults
Irish
One of the main Mess Halls, Cushing General Hospital, Framingham, Mass
1944

Cushing Hospital Opens for Soldiers Wounded in WW2

Economic
Built Environment
Health Care Systems
Social
Veterans
“Plan and Build It” advertisement in the Metrowest Daily News
1945

Metrowest Post-WW2 Housing Boom

Built Environment
Social
Black
Veterans
Protest for Fair Housing
1946

MA Fair Housing Law Passes

Economic
Built Environment
Education
Food Access
Health Care Systems
Black
Framingham Heart Study physicians
1948

Framingham Heart Study Begins

Health Care Systems
Older Adults
Columbus Club, one of the many places that new generation attends to maintain Italian tradition and culture
1950

Italian Immigrant Presence Increases in Framingham

Administration building from the terrace, Cushing General Hospital, Framingham, Mass.
1954

Cushing Hospital Begins Era of Elder Care

Built Environment
Health Care Systems
Social
Older Adults
Veterans
Natick Fair Housing Committee Founded
1957

Founding of Natick Fair Housing Practices Committee

Built Environment
Black
Disabilities
Low Income
1959 Schematic of Water Fluoridation System (New York)
1959

Sudbury Residents Debate Merits of Municipal Water Fluoridation

Health Care Systems
Low Income
Ceremony for National Head Start Day in the East Room of the White House, Washington, DC. Originally from White House Photo Office Collection, 11/22/1963 - 01/20/1969
1965

SMOC Incorporates and Expands Anti-Poverty Programs

Economic
Ceremony for National Head Start Day in the East Room of the White House, Washington, DC. Originally from White House Photo Office Collection, 11/22/1963 - 01/20/1969
1965

Framingham Launches Six Head Start Classrooms

Education
A letter from a resident of Wellesley, MA, who works in Boston to Mayor John F. Collins stating their hope that the mayor will show support for those who wish to abolish de facto segregation in Boston Public Schools
1966

Wellesley Among First METCO Districts

Education
Black
Bill Baird hands out contraceptive products to students at his 1967 BU lecture, shortly before he was arrested.
1966

MA Legalizes Birth Control for Married Women

Health Care Systems
Women
A flyer from Boston's first Pride activities, then called Christopher Street Liberation commemoration events. 1970.
1970

Boston Holds First Pride Events

Social
LGBTQ
A History of Cushing Hospital 1943 -1991 Framingham, MA  by Frederic A. Wallace, Author and Lisa Breslow Thompson, Designer
1977

“Pushing for Cushing” Movement Emerges

Health Care Systems
Disabilities
Low Income
Uninsured
Veterans
Northampton Hospital, from Robert N. Dennis collection of stereoscopic views
1978

Northampton Consent Decree Expands Community Mental Health Programs

Health Care Systems
Disabilities
Six-striped LGBTQ pride flag—designed in 1979—the most popular version of the rainbow flag
1978

GLAD Established After Anti-Gay Police Sting

Health Care Systems
Social
LGBTQ
Brazil…by way of Boston
1980

Brazilian Immigration to Framingham Grows

Brazilian
Cushing General Hospital
1982

Cushing’s Elder-Care Programs Gain National Recognition

Built Environment
Health Care Systems
Disabilities
Veterans
Governor Dukakis
1983

MA Establishes Right to Shelter for Families

Nyanza Chemical Federal Superfund Site Ashland taken in November 2001
1983

Nyanza Site Added to EPA Priority List

Built Environment
Book: Pushing for Cushing in War and Peace
1984

Cushing Strengthens Research and Opens Alzheimer’s Unit

Deer Island wastewater treatment plant in Boston Harbor
1988

Ashland Blocks Boston Harbor Sludge Plan

Built Environment
Framingham Eight Newspaper Clipping
1991

Boston Globe Series Highlights the Framingham Eight

Social
Women
Framingham boasting its role in heart health
1994

FHS Enrolls First Omni Cohort

Health Care Systems
Black
Brazilian
Dr. Solomon Carter Fuller
1995

Framingham Honors Solomon Carter & Meta Fuller

Built Environment
Education
Black
The outside of the Padaria Bakery
1997

First Brazilian Bakery Opens in Framingham

Brazilian
News segment about the jail diversion program
2003

First Co-Response Jail Diversion Program Begins

Downtown Framingham
2003

Framingham Brazilian Community Faces Discrimination

Brazilian
See how EMK has grown in Framingham and Milford since 2004
2004

Kennedy Community Health Expands to Framingham

Uninsured
2004 Goodridge v. Department of Public Health
2004

MA Court Grants Same-Sex Marriage Rights

Edna Smith
2005

MetroWest Health Foundation Forms Disparities Committee

Health Care Systems
Social
Bumper sticker
2006

Romneycare Expands Coverage for MA Residents

2006

MA Requires Standardized Race/Ethnicity Data Collection

Built Environment
Social
Black
Irish
Italian
Native American
Brazilian man looking for work, 2010
2007

Framingham Continues Welcoming Brazilian Community

Brazilian
2010

Court Rules Framingham Violated Disability Housing Law

Built Environment
Disabilities
Image of the outside of the Brazilian American Center
2012

BRACE Founded in Framingham

Economic
Education
Food Access
Social
Brazilian
A 2017 educational video explains the value of medical-legal partnerships
2014

Medical-Legal Partnership Launches at Kennedy Health

Governor Baker outlines COVID-19 vaccination plans for state
2021

Framingham Receives Additional Vaccine Equity Resources

Health Care Systems
Michael Curry’s Opening Remarks at the Health Equity Trends Summit 2023
2022

Health Equity Compact Forms to Advance Reform

Health Care Systems
Uninsured
Governor Maura Healey, Lt. Governor Kim Driscoll, Secretary of Education Patrick Tutwiler, Secretary of Labor and Workforce Development Lauren Jones and Secretary of Economic Development Yvonne Hao
2023

MA Establishes Free Nursing & Community College Programs

Education
Low Income
A doula (left) applying counter pressure to the pregnant person prior to labor.
2024

Doula Services Covered by MassHealth

Health Care Systems
Women